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Disease Profile

Glycogen storage disease type 1B

Prevalence
Prevalence estimates on Rare Medical Network websites are calculated based on data available from numerous sources, including US and European government statistics, the NIH, Orphanet, and published epidemiologic studies. Rare disease population data is recognized to be highly variable, and based on a wide variety of source data and methodologies, so the prevalence data on this site should be assumed to be estimated and cannot be considered to be absolutely correct.

Unknown

US Estimated

Europe Estimated

Age of onset

Infancy

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ICD-10

E74.0

Inheritance

Autosomal dominant A pathogenic variant in only one gene copy in each cell is sufficient to cause an autosomal dominant disease.

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Autosomal recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of each gene of the chromosome are needed to cause an autosomal recessive disease and observe the mutant phenotype.

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X-linked
dominant X-linked dominant inheritance, sometimes referred to as X-linked dominance, is a mode of genetic inheritance by which a dominant gene is carried on the X chromosome.

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X-linked
recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of a gene on the X chromosome cause an X-linked recessive disorder.

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Mitochondrial or multigenic Mitochondrial genetic disorders can be caused by changes (mutations) in either the mitochondrial DNA or nuclear DNA that lead to dysfunction of the mitochondria and inadequate production of energy.

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Multigenic or multifactor Inheritance involving many factors, of which at least one is genetic but none is of overwhelming importance, as in the causation of a disease by multiple genetic and environmental factors.

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Not applicable

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Other names (AKA)

GSD1B; Glucose-6-phosphate transport defect

Categories

Congenital and Genetic Diseases; Digestive Diseases; Immune System Diseases;

Summary

Glycogen storage disease type 1B (GSD1B) is an inherited condition in which the body is unable to break down a complex sugar called glycogen. As a result, glycogen accumulates in cells throughout the body. In GSD1B, specifically, glycogen and fats build up within the liver and kidneys which can cause these organs to be enlarged and not function properly. Signs and symptoms of the condition generally develop at age 3 to 4 months and may include hypoglycemia, seizures, lactic acidosis, hyperuricemia (high levels of a waste product called uric acid in the body), and hyperlipidemia. Affected people may also have short stature; thin arms and legs; a protruding abdomen; neutropenia (which may lead to frequent infections); inflammatory bowel disease and oral health problems. GSD1B is caused by changes (mutations) in the SLC37A4 gene and is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.[1][2] Although there is currently no cure for the condition, symptoms can often be managed with a special diet in combination with certain medications.[2][3]

Symptoms

This table lists symptoms that people with this disease may have. For most diseases, symptoms will vary from person to person. People with the same disease may not have all the symptoms listed. This information comes from a database called the Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) . The HPO collects information on symptoms that have been described in medical resources. The HPO is updated regularly. Use the HPO ID to access more in-depth information about a symptom.

Medical Terms Other Names
Learn More:
HPO ID
Percent of people who have these symptoms is not available through HPO
Autosomal recessive inheritance
0000007
Decreased glomerular filtration rate
0012213
Delayed puberty
Delayed pubertal development
Delayed pubertal growth
Pubertal delay

[ more ]

0000823
Doll-like facies
Doll-like facial appearance
0000295
Elevated hepatic transaminase
High liver enzymes
0002910
Enlarged kidney
Large kidneys
0000105
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
0000097
Gout
0001997
Hepatocellular carcinoma
0001402
Hepatomegaly
Enlarged liver
0002240
Hyperlipidemia
Elevated lipids in blood
0003077
Hypertension
0000822
Hyperuricemia
High blood uric acid level
0002149
Hypoglycemia
Low blood sugar
0001943
Lactic acidosis
Increased lactate in body
0003128
Lipemia retinalis
0000660
Nephrolithiasis
Kidney stones
0000787
Neutropenia
Low blood neutrophil count
Low neutrophil count

[ more ]

0001875
Oral ulcer
Mouth ulcer
0000155
Osteoporosis
0000939
Pancreatitis
Pancreatic inflammation
0001733
Proteinuria
High urine protein levels
Protein in urine

[ more ]

0000093
Protuberant abdomen
Belly sticks out
Extended belly

[ more ]

0001538
Recurrent bacterial infections
Bacterial infections, recurrent
Frequent bacterial infections
Increased susceptibility to bacterial infections
Recurrent major bacterial infections

[ more ]

0002718
Short stature
Decreased body height
Small stature

[ more ]

0004322
Xanthelasma
Fatty deposits in skin around the eyes
Fatty deposits on eyelids

[ more ]

0001114
Xanthomatosis
Yellow bumps of fatty deposits on skin
0000991

Diagnosis

Making a diagnosis for a genetic or rare disease can often be challenging. Healthcare professionals typically look at a person’s medical history, symptoms, physical exam, and laboratory test results in order to make a diagnosis. The following resources provide information relating to diagnosis and testing for this condition. If you have questions about getting a diagnosis, you should contact a healthcare professional.

Testing Resources

  • The Genetic Testing Registry (GTR) provides information about the genetic tests for this condition. The intended audience for the GTR is health care providers and researchers. Patients and consumers with specific questions about a genetic test should contact a health care provider or a genetics professional.

    Treatment

    The resources below provide information about treatment options for this condition. If you have questions about which treatment is right for you, talk to your healthcare professional.

    Management Guidelines

    • Orphanet Emergency Guidelines is an article which is expert-authored and peer-reviewed that is intended to guide health care professionals in emergency situations involving this condition.

      Organizations

      Support and advocacy groups can help you connect with other patients and families, and they can provide valuable services. Many develop patient-centered information and are the driving force behind research for better treatments and possible cures. They can direct you to research, resources, and services. Many organizations also have experts who serve as medical advisors or provide lists of doctors/clinics. Visit the group’s website or contact them to learn about the services they offer. Inclusion on this list is not an endorsement by GARD.

      Organizations Supporting this Disease

        Learn more

        These resources provide more information about this condition or associated symptoms. The in-depth resources contain medical and scientific language that may be hard to understand. You may want to review these resources with a medical professional.

        Where to Start

        • The American Liver Foundation provides information about glycogen storage disease type 1. Click on the link to view this information.
        • Genetics Home Reference (GHR) contains information on Glycogen storage disease type 1B. This website is maintained by the National Library of Medicine.
        • The National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD) has a report for patients and families about this condition. NORD is a patient advocacy organization for individuals with rare diseases and the organizations that serve them.

          In-Depth Information

          • GeneReviews provides current, expert-authored, peer-reviewed, full-text articles describing the application of genetic testing to the diagnosis, management, and genetic counseling of patients with specific inherited conditions.
          • Medscape Reference provides information on this topic. You may need to register to view the medical textbook, but registration is free.
          • The Monarch Initiative brings together data about this condition from humans and other species to help physicians and biomedical researchers. Monarch’s tools are designed to make it easier to compare the signs and symptoms (phenotypes) of different diseases and discover common features. This initiative is a collaboration between several academic institutions across the world and is funded by the National Institutes of Health. Visit the website to explore the biology of this condition.
          • Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) is a catalog of human genes and genetic disorders. Each entry has a summary of related medical articles. It is meant for health care professionals and researchers. OMIM is maintained by Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. 
          • Orphanet is a European reference portal for information on rare diseases and orphan drugs. Access to this database is free of charge.
          • PubMed is a searchable database of medical literature and lists journal articles that discuss Glycogen storage disease type 1B. Click on the link to view a sample search on this topic.

            References

            1. Glycogen storage disease type I. Genetics Home Reference. July 2015; https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/glycogen-storage-disease-type-i.
            2. Deeksha S Bali, PhD, Yuan-Tsong Chen, MD, PhD, and Jennifer L Goldstein, PhD, MS, CGC. Glycogen Storage Disease Type I. GeneReviews. September 2013; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1312/#gsd1.Management.
            3. Wayne E Anderson, DO, FAHS, FAAN. Type Ib Glycogen Storage Disease. Medscape Reference. April 2014; https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/119412-overview.