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Disease Profile

Cerebral autosomal recessive arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy

Prevalence
Prevalence estimates on Rare Medical Network websites are calculated based on data available from numerous sources, including US and European government statistics, the NIH, Orphanet, and published epidemiologic studies. Rare disease population data is recognized to be highly variable, and based on a wide variety of source data and methodologies, so the prevalence data on this site should be assumed to be estimated and cannot be considered to be absolutely correct.

Unknown

US Estimated

Europe Estimated

Age of onset

Adolescent

ICD-10

F01.1

Inheritance

Autosomal dominant A pathogenic variant in only one gene copy in each cell is sufficient to cause an autosomal dominant disease.

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Autosomal recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of each gene of the chromosome are needed to cause an autosomal recessive disease and observe the mutant phenotype.

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X-linked
dominant X-linked dominant inheritance, sometimes referred to as X-linked dominance, is a mode of genetic inheritance by which a dominant gene is carried on the X chromosome.

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X-linked
recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of a gene on the X chromosome cause an X-linked recessive disorder.

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Mitochondrial or multigenic Mitochondrial genetic disorders can be caused by changes (mutations) in either the mitochondrial DNA or nuclear DNA that lead to dysfunction of the mitochondria and inadequate production of energy.

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Multigenic or multifactor Inheritance involving many factors, of which at least one is genetic but none is of overwhelming importance, as in the causation of a disease by multiple genetic and environmental factors.

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Not applicable

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Other names (AKA)

CARASIL; Maeda syndrome; Subcortical vascular encephalopathy, progressive;

Categories

Congenital and Genetic Diseases; Nervous System Diseases

Summary

Cerebral autosomal recessive arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CARASIL) is an inherited disorder in which damage to the small blood vessels in the brain leads to stroke and other impairments.[1][2][3] Individuals with CARASIL usually develop symptoms between 20 and 30 years of age.[3] Symptoms may include: muscle stiffness, personality changes, and memory loss. People with this disease may also experience dementia, hair loss (alopecia), and damage to the spinal column (spondylosis). CARASIL is caused by mutations in the HTRA1 gene. It is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern.[1][2][3] Although there is no specific treatment or cure, there can be ways to manage the symptoms. A team of doctors is often needed to figure out the treatment options based on each person’s symptoms.

Symptoms

This table lists symptoms that people with this disease may have. For most diseases, symptoms will vary from person to person. People with the same disease may not have all the symptoms listed. This information comes from a database called the Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) . The HPO collects information on symptoms that have been described in medical resources. The HPO is updated regularly. Use the HPO ID to access more in-depth information about a symptom.

Medical Terms Other Names
Learn More:
HPO ID
5%-29% of people have these symptoms
Nystagmus
Involuntary, rapid, rhythmic eye movements
0000639
Percent of people who have these symptoms is not available through HPO
Abnormality of extrapyramidal motor function
0002071
Alopecia
Hair loss
0001596
Arteriosclerosis of small cerebral arteries
0004931
Ataxia
0001251
Autosomal recessive inheritance
0000007
Babinski sign
0003487
Dementia
Dementia, progressive
Progressive dementia

[ more ]

0000726
Diffuse demyelination of the cerebral white matter
0007162
Diffuse white matter abnormalities
0007204
Dysarthria
Difficulty articulating speech
0001260
Gait disturbance
Abnormal gait
Abnormal walk
Impaired gait

[ more ]

0001288
Hyperreflexia
Increased reflexes
0001347
Leukoencephalopathy
0002352
Low back pain
0003419
Progressive encephalopathy
0002448
Pseudobulbar signs
0002200
Rigidity
Muscle rigidity
0002063
Spasticity
Involuntary muscle stiffness, contraction, or spasm
0001257
Stroke
0001297
Urinary incontinence
Loss of bladder control
0000020

Diagnosis

Making a diagnosis for a genetic or rare disease can often be challenging. Healthcare professionals typically look at a person’s medical history, symptoms, physical exam, and laboratory test results in order to make a diagnosis. The following resources provide information relating to diagnosis and testing for this condition. If you have questions about getting a diagnosis, you should contact a healthcare professional.

Testing Resources

  • The Genetic Testing Registry (GTR) provides information about the genetic tests for this condition. The intended audience for the GTR is health care providers and researchers. Patients and consumers with specific questions about a genetic test should contact a health care provider or a genetics professional.

    Organizations

    Support and advocacy groups can help you connect with other patients and families, and they can provide valuable services. Many develop patient-centered information and are the driving force behind research for better treatments and possible cures. They can direct you to research, resources, and services. Many organizations also have experts who serve as medical advisors or provide lists of doctors/clinics. Visit the group’s website or contact them to learn about the services they offer. Inclusion on this list is not an endorsement by GARD.

    Organizations Supporting this Disease

      Organizations Providing General Support

        Learn more

        These resources provide more information about this condition or associated symptoms. The in-depth resources contain medical and scientific language that may be hard to understand. You may want to review these resources with a medical professional.

        Where to Start

        • MedlinePlus Genetics contains information on Cerebral autosomal recessive arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy. This website is maintained by the National Library of Medicine.
        • The National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD) has a report for patients and families about this condition. NORD is a patient advocacy organization for individuals with rare diseases and the organizations that serve them.

          In-Depth Information

          • GeneReviews provides current, expert-authored, peer-reviewed, full-text articles describing the application of genetic testing to the diagnosis, management, and genetic counseling of patients with specific inherited conditions.
          • The Monarch Initiative brings together data about this condition from humans and other species to help physicians and biomedical researchers. Monarch’s tools are designed to make it easier to compare the signs and symptoms (phenotypes) of different diseases and discover common features. This initiative is a collaboration between several academic institutions across the world and is funded by the National Institutes of Health. Visit the website to explore the biology of this condition.
          • Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) is a catalog of human genes and genetic disorders. Each entry has a summary of related medical articles. It is meant for health care professionals and researchers. OMIM is maintained by Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. 
          • Orphanet is a European reference portal for information on rare diseases and orphan drugs. Access to this database is free of charge.
          • PubMed is a searchable database of medical literature and lists journal articles that discuss Cerebral autosomal recessive arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy. Click on the link to view a sample search on this topic.

            References

            1. Cerebral autosomal recessive arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy. Genetics Home Reference (GHR). April 2011; https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/cerebral-autosomal-recessive-arteriopathy-with-subcortical-infarcts-and-leukoencephalopathy.
            2. Onodera O. CARASIL. National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD). 2016; https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/carasil/.
            3. Onodera O, Nozaki H, Fukutake T. CARASIL. GeneReviews. September 11, 2014; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK32533/.